Essay Equity in Healthcare

Question: Expound on the Essayfor Equity in Healthcare. Answer: Presentation The wellbeing has been perceived as a key human right. The residents of any nation have a fundamental human option to be liberated from sickness/ailment and lead socially and monetarily gainful lives with complete physical, mental, social and profound prosperity. Wellbeing value implies that all the residents of a nation will be dealt with their wellbeing needs and it is the duty of state to give open, reasonable and quality wellbeing administrations to its residents. The worries for wellbeing value were first raised during Alma-Ata-Declaration of World Health Organization. The biased access to social insurance benefits and expanded cash based consumptions for looking for medicinal services is a significant test in low and center salary nations (Dwivedi, Pradhan 2017). The scientists have evaluated that all inclusive roughly 1.3 billion people are denied of access to an impartial and moderate medicinal services administration (Leive, Xu 2008). Additionally on a normal, families spend around 40% of their pay to treat their evil wellbeing (Akazili et al, 2012). Impartial budgetary courses of action in social insurance conveyance are significant for accomplishing Universal Health Care. It is critical to raise monetary assets to beat money related dangers and obstructions to general medicinal services; and furthermore to give evenhanded and productive wellbeing administrations (Kutzin, 2013). Moreover, social insurance changes that advance value in the dissemination of monetary assets may likewise build usage of medicinal services administrations (in the same place). Fair asset allotment may likewise require buying of assets from outer sources or pooling of assets (McIntyre, Kutzin 2012). The administrations should guarantee evenhanded dissemination of assets. It is essential to keep up level value just as vertical value while disseminating wellbeing and budgetary assets. It implies the people or territories with same needs should get same measure of assets and people or regions with all the more needs should get more measure of assets (McIntyre, Kutzin 2012). For this, it gets imperative to get to wellbeing needs of populaces across levels of care (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) just as across topographical territories (Anselmi, Lagarde, Hanson, 2015). Further it gets essential to screen wellbeing use rates (on the same page). Wellbeing Services framework in India and Health Equity Medicinal services arrangement of India is a blend of open and private wellbeing administrations. General wellbeing administrations framework is a three level framework with essential wellbeing communities at the fringe level with some fundamental wellbeing offices. Optional degree of framework includes CHC (Community Health Centers), and area medical clinics. Tertiary degree of framework contains tertiary consideration organizations and peak foundations like AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences). Inspite of such a decent building course of action of wellbeing administrations framework, the framework is for the most part run down and open need to spend cash based to profit wellbeing administrations from private experts (Ruhil, 2015). For the main degree of contact among network and wellbeing administrations framework, the nation has a chain of network wellbeing laborers called ASHA. These are interface between individuals at network level and wellbeing administrations frame work. Essential consideration is given at PHCs and patients are alluded to CHCs for additional treatment. There is one CHC over a populace of 80,000 to 1,20,000. There is one specialist, one doctor, one gynecologist and one anesthetist at CHC level. For specific treatment patients are additionally alluded to locale emergency clinic which is one in each square or area. The patients which can't be overseen at auxiliary level are alluded to zenith establishments. India as a nation needs exceptional endeavors to make evenhanded access to human services benefits as greater part of its pre-full grown passings occur from preventable causes (Joumard, Kumar 2015). Legislature of India needs proportional up its general social insurance going through with progressively number of experts in general wellbeing administrations and improving the general essential human services administrations framework (in the same place). Without hearty general wellbeing administrations framework in the nation, the cash based consumption for social insurance is more in the nation and open need to a great extent depend on private wellbeing administrations. The nation as of now burns through 5 percent of GDP on human services; out of which 4 percent is private consumption or cash based use and just 1 percent is government spending (in the same place). The administration needs to increment money related designation to open social insurance and necessities to reinforce its wellbeing administrations framework to make it progressively fair. Numerous wellsprings of financing medicinal services administrations incorporate tax assessment, government disability plans, health care coverage and imposing client charges (Amakom, Ezenekwe 2012). In India government managed savings plans are not strong enough to shield the residents from the disaster of significant wellbeing sicknesses in the family (Dwivedi, Pradhan 2017). Wellbeing imbalances are generally common in the nation and the individuals who are generally needful of social insurance administrations are most burdened one as far as access to human services administrations (in the same place). Analysts have demonstrated that there are local variations among different conditions of India, in human services spending (on the same page). The states which are moderately in reverse and are most needing human services financing have incomprehensibly least uses on wellbeing (on the same page). It is basic to decrease the weight of cash based wellbeing consumptions and give evenha nded medicinal services financing in India. India is as of now confronting colossal medical issues. India has high Infant death rates (IMR), Under-5 death rates (U5MR), and maternal death rates (MMR). Likewise the kids who are conceived, lion's share have low birth weight (Drze, Sen, 2013). Among youngsters nourishing inadequacies are high bringing about ailing health and in this manner physical and mental hindrance (on the same page). The issues additionally have social roots where ladies have relatively low economic wellbeing and are treated as sub-ordinate to men. The ladies regardless of whether pregnant eat finally in the wake of serving food to every single male individual from family. The acquiring male individuals from family and older are given need instead of ladies and youngsters (on the same page). The breastfeeding rates are additionally extremely low. The poor ladies don't discharge adequate milk because of their own unexpected frailty status. Additionally ladies are occupied in work; either acquiring or in famil y unit work; and subsequently don't get existence to breastfeed their kids every now and again. The nation likewise faces twofold weight of sicknesses where transferable ailments are as yet common and new incessant way of life related issues, for example, cardio-vascular illnesses, malignancies and constant respiratory infections are adding to the weight (Patel et al, 2011). Tobacco use is likewise exceptionally pervasive in India with around 33% of Indian populace utilizing tobacco (IIPS MoHFW 2009-10). Tobacco is a significant hazard factor for greater part of transferable and non-transmittable infections including antagonistic conceptive results. Additionally the issues of open air contamination and indoor air contamination are high prompting heart sicknesses and respiratory illnesses (IHME, 2013). The issue of open defaecation is likewise pervasive in country towns of India thus the pervasiveness of looseness of the bowels and cholera particularly in youngsters (Spears, Lamba, 2013). The Swachcha Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Campaign) was begun by govt. of India in October 2014; under which government is giving assistance to the development of toilets. The point of the battle is to make India open defaecation free. The program is getting wide appreciation. Individuals are effectively taking an interest in making their towns, avenues and urban communities clean. As indicated by an examination just 16 percent of populace had any free access to open human services (Kumar et al, 2011). In barely any states like Tamilnadu and Kerala, the exhibition of general wellbeing administrations was good however in some different states like Bihar, Jharkhand, U.P.; the administrations gave by open human services framework were NOT palatable (in the same place). Separation of medicinal services office from home, and complete non-accessibility of wellbeing administration at the assigned purpose of essential human services were primary explanations behind disappointment among open (Kumar et al, 2011). One report by Government itself revealed that around 10 percent of PHCs (Primary Health Centers) don't have a physical nearness of specialist (MoHFW, 2012). Likewise 37 percent of PHCs are without a physical nearness of lab-expert and around 25 percent of PHCs didn't have a drug specialist (on the same page). Along these lines the board of human asset for wellbe ing is a gigantic test while giving fair wellbeing administrations. In rustic regions of India, access to social insurance is a significant issue. Private specialists would prefer not to rehearse in rustic territories because of absence of way of life offices in those regions. In this way greater part of the time general wellbeing offices are the main methods for getting medicinal services in country regions. The PHCs in provincial territories are closed more often than not and are without fundamental offices like a certified specialist, lab-expert, drug specialist, basic medications, medical aid offices, crisis administrations and so on. (MoHFW, 2012). Comparable is the condition of urban ghettos. Greater part of the wellbeing offices are gathered in urban downtown areas, including both the private offices just as government offices. Exploiting weather beaten wellbeing administrations framework in the nation, corporate clinics are mushrooming which are making benefits from clinical the travel industry as opposed to rewarding their own kinsmen. An exploration detailed that in 2012, India rewarded 0.2 million remote patients which gave an income of USD 2 billion (Sachan, 2013). The private segment in India is to a great extent unregulated. Albeit Clinical Establishments Act 2010 set a few standards for private medical clinics yet its usage is somewhat lazy (in the same place). Quereshi council report uncovered that these corporate medical clinics

Wildlife Essays (888 words) - Habitat, Environmental Conservation

Natural life The ?cry of nature? can in any case be heard over this incredible land. I have heard the trumpet of an elk on the Great Plains...the harsh of a bald eagle along the banks of the powerfully Mississippi...the thunder of an earthy colored bird bear on desolate tundra...and the eat of a wild turkey among western lower regions. Astounding magnificence can in any case be found in the characteristic scenes of this extraordinary land. I have seen through TVs, articles, books, and papers the transcending forests...pristine waters...rich wetlands...wide-open prairies...majestic mountains...and tremendous abandons bursting at the seams with shading. I am in stunningness by the intricacy and miracle of the normal world. Genuinely, it is the place you can discover comfort and harmony. America is genuinely honored. A land wealthy in regular assets - our feeling of experience, spearheading soul, and tirelessness. Irving Berlin's God Bless America, Woody Guthrie's This Land is Your Land, and Samuel Smith's America all pronounce an adoration and regard for this land we call ?home.? It is our obligation to recover an adoration and regard for the land, its magnificence, and life ?s comfort. The inheritance of our characteristic asset legacy must be safeguarded. Instruction is the appropriate response. Through composing my paper I have discovered that jeopardized species is in excess of a name, it is a strategic and-of-itself, a crucial be careful our untamed life - until the end of time. The earth is home to more than 5.2 billion individuals, each having certain requirements, needs, and wants. The procedure of utilization definitely changes the characteristic scene, a numerous cases to the eroding of different species. Utilization change huge amounts of common assets, for example, non-renewable energy sources and trees, into innumerable items and heaps of waste. Accordingly, it straightforwardly and in a roundabout way impacts land use choices including wetland waste, the freeing from timberland, mining, horticultural creation, and improvement. After some time, the expanding influence of poor land use, choices, and wild utilization of normal assets have sabotaged the trustworthiness and to keep up the capacity of the regular world, bringing about worldwide ecological decrease. In his book, Earth in a critical position - Ecology and the Human Spirit, Vice President Al Gore composes: ?The disharmony in our relationship to the earth, which stems partially from our dependence on an example of expending ever-bigger amounts of the assets of the earth, is currently show in progressive emergencies, each denoting an increasingly ruinous conflict between our human progress and the normal world: though all dangers to nature used to be neighborhood and provincial, a few are presently vital . The loss of one and a half sections of land of downpour woodland consistently, the unexpected, thousand crease speeding up of the characteristic eradication rate for living species, the ozone opening above Antarctica and the diminishing of the ozone layer at all scopes, the conceivable annihilation of the atmosphere balance that makes our lives reasonable - all these recommend the inexorably rough impact between human progress and the regular world. For human progress overall, the confidence that is so basic to reestablish the equalization presently missing in our relationship to the earth is the confidence that we have a future. We can have faith in that future and work to accomplish it and safeguard it, or we can spin aimlessly on, carrying on as though one day there will be no youngsters to acquire our heritage. The decision is our own; the earth is to be determined.? What is the main danger to untamed life? What does the word ?compromised? mean? What does the word ?imperiled mean? Does annihilation truly mean gone for eternity? What befell the Bald Eagle? The words ?undermined? furthermore, ?jeopardized? are utilized to depict the status of uncommon untamed life and plant species. Compromised is utilized to characterize an animal varieties with perilously low populace numbers. The bald eagle is a case of a compromised untamed life animal varieties. What's more, wiped out is utilized to recognize an animal varieties that does not exist anymore or has ceased to exist. The dim shoreline sparrow is a case of a terminated natural life species. Determined decrease in untamed life populaces drove Congress to establish the Endangered Species in 1973. The demonstration commanded the central government to ensure imperiled natural life, plant species, and their territories. Today, there are more than 1,000 species secured by the Endangered Species Act. Roughly 50 species are included every year. The loss of any species is cause for extraordinary

The 14th Minimalist

The 14th Minimalist We all need a team. If you want to growâ€"if you want to be successfulâ€"then you must surround yourself with outstanding people who share your vision, your values, your beliefs. Whether you visit our website or meet us in person, you might think  The Minimalists are a couple of thirty-something guys who live in Montana. What you dont see is everyone who makes  The Minimalists possible. As far as we can tell, there are at least 14 people responsible for the proliferation of our message 1 2. Joshua Ryan. Yes, we are the formidable faces of  The Minimalists, the messengers of simple living. But spreading the message requires more than messengers 3. Colin Wright. Theres a reason we dedicated our new book, Everything That Remains, to Colinâ€"he is the person who introduced us to minimalism. In a roundabout way, hell always be the third minimalist. 4. Shawn Mihalik. Shawn is our first paid employee. We gave him a fancy titleâ€"chief of staffâ€"because we cant afford to pay him bags of cash. In addition to being a talented novelist, Shawn handles many of the day-to-day affairs back at our command center (a tiny one-room office) in Missoula. He also helps with our tour-stop bookings and the free Local Meetup Groups at Minimalist.org. 5. Sarah Miniaci. Publicist extraordinaire, Sarah works her magic wand and hat rabbit to magically spread our message via conventional media (print, radio, television, online). If you found us via any media outlet, you can thank Sarah for her prestidigitation. 6, 7, 8. SPYR. The trio of Marla, Jeff, and Dave, the founders of SPYR, are responsible for everything you seeâ€"literally. From our book covers to our website, the folks at SPYR are the Mozarts of design. 9. Adam Dressler. Our friend since high school, Adam is a pastor by trade, although his secret talent is capturing the truth in his photography. Although he claims to be an amateur photographer, Adam takes better photos than any professional we know. Most of the photos on this siteâ€"nearly all photos of usâ€"were taken with Adams masterful eye behind the viewfinder. 10.  Matt DAvella. A talented director living in greater New York, Matt and his team at Catalyst are partnering with us on our first feature-length film:  Minimalism: A Documentary. (N.B. We just uploaded our trailer for the film.) 11, 12, 13. Joshua Becker, Courtney Carver,  Leo Babauta. These three minimalists were instrumental in our journey early on. Although all three lead considerably different livesâ€"they come from different backgrounds with children and families and different work situationsâ€"their deliberate, meaningful way of life proved to us that there were many flavors of minimalism, which inspired us to take the leap. 14. You. Of course the most important part of this websiteâ€"of this entire movementâ€"is you. Without you, wed simply be perched on a soapbox, yelling in an empty room. So, wherever you are in life, wherever you are on your journey, wherever youre going, were grateful youre here with us right now. Who is on your team? Just remember: you cant change the people around you, but you can change the people around you. UPDATE: Since writing this essay in 2014, we brought two more people on board: Shawn Harding, our director of operations; and Jessica Lynn Williams, our social media manager. As our minimalist message keeps spreading, our team continues to growâ€"thank you for being a part of it. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe - 1204 Words

â€Å"THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (Poe 1). This line draws the reader into the story by bringing up questions like, what insults could have been done to deserve such revenge? The uniqueness in the question itself is that it turns the table of a classic mystery or gothic story (Mcgarth). Instead of asking â€Å"who did it,† the question is, â€Å"why did he do it† (Baraban Motive for Murder in Cask of Amontillado ). Montresor uses Fortunato’s strengthens and turns them into his weaknesses. He designs a whole plan around these â€Å"weaknesses† and keeps persuading Fortunato to keep playing his game. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe displays Montresor’s†¦show more content†¦One concept thinks that when Poe wrote this short story he had no intent for giving Montresor a reason to seek revenge. He just thought of good conflict between the characters and went from that. Others would say that Montresor could have be insane or crazy. The thirst for revenge could have been a result of a small incident or injury that could have triggered Montresor into going crazy. In contrast, the two are cordial and respectful in front of the socialites and Montresor still has enough sense to respect the code. They both attend a party full of other elite people and Montresor does not kill him in plain sight, but waits to complete the plan that appears seamless. Nevertheless, the happenings before the story might never be known and leaves it up to the reader’s imagination. It is hard to imagine killing anyone you know of any status, but even harder to think of killing a friend. Montresor calls Fortunato a friend throughout the entire story. â€Å"†¦that I encountered my friend† (Poe 1). Montresor points out how much Fortunato loves wine and has a great eye for picking the best ones out. Just this one point shows how well Montresor knows his friend. Montresor keeps brings up the fact that he could just ask the other wine expert, Luchesi, to go with him to the catacombs to try the amontillado. Indeed he knows that Fortunato would never pass up an opportunity to try some expensive wine and say that â€Å"†¦Luchesi, he cannotShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe992 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe had many pieces of literature, but one in particular â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† reflected his personality. It is a short story that can be read easily, and can take on many ironies. The several ironies can p oint to the fact that Poe himself was implanted into the story as he was a mysterious man. There are several characters with different personalities often interpreted as Poe hiding his dark side which would be â€Å"Montresor†. The other personality Fortunato could be that drunken personalityRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe953 Words   |  4 Pagesseek revenge. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a short story by the American poet, editor and story writer Edgar Allen Poe. This story is a tale of revenge touching on the darker sides of human nature and at what lengths a man will go to achieve vengeance. We are told by our narrator Montresor that he had been insulted by a wealthy wine connoisseur named Fortunato. Montresor picks him out of the carnival and lures him into his wine cellar with promise of a renown sherry wine, Amontillado. Fortunato is baitedRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1052 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was o ne of the most famed authors of death, decay, and depression in the 18th century. Poe started his writing career during the Romantic literature period, a period focused on nature, emotions, and a fascination with the supernatural elements. As writers started to write in this new genre, works started becoming dark, with an eerie feeling and a tone of death. Out of the Romantic era came the sub-classification of the Gothic genre. Poe started to embrace this new genre and his writingsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe851 Words   |  4 Pagesabout â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Do hate someone, but act like they are your best friend to get something that you want from them? Edgar Allen Poe does in his story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† as he uses Montresor to tell Fortunato’s journey to catacombs and how he â€Å"conceives and executes an ingenious plan... for revenging† Fortunato (Gruesser 129). In â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† Poe uses tone, plot devices, and the setting to present the theme of appearances masking reality. To begin, Poe uses one toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1025 Words   |  5 PagesJared Mourning English II Prof. Platt Thursday, March 3, 2016 Fortunato’s Misfortune In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe issues a warning that even your closest friends can stab you in the back when you insult them in the right way. Poe perfectly portrays the way someone you think is your best friend could just as well be your biggest enemy. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allen Poe uses Montresor’s point of view, plot, and symbolism to convey the cold, merciless man who is MontresorRead More`` Cask Of Amontillado `` By Edgar Allen Poe1505 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was a writer who sculpted every detail to create his desired â€Å"theme†. His short stories are mostly representing the murder of a character. The murderer, who is the narrator, explains the plan for the murder. The narrator destroys the humans around him through his destructive mind. The reason for the murder is revenge and hatred. In â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe utilized â€Å"unreliable na rrators,† he even created similarities between murder and victim to establishRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1492 Words   |  6 Pages McMullen 531-06 1 September 2014 Summer Reading The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe, Montressor is able to successfully manipulate Fortunato s arrogance and pride and use it against him as revenge. Montressor knows that Fortunato has a love for wine. Montressor tells Fortunato that he may have acquired Amontillado, a very nice wine. Montressor is not quite sure if the wine is Amontillado, but since Fotunato appears to be occupied Montressor saysRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1723 Words   |  7 Pages Were Montresor’s action in The Cask of Amontillado justified? Is killing someone justifiable? In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Cask of Amontillado that question is one that could be asked. The short story is about a man named Montresor and his quest to get revenge on his foe Fourtando who has apparently insulted Montresor. Around the time of the carnival season Montresor leaves his house to go find Fourtando and get his revenge he tells none of his servants toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe884 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† by Edgar Allen Poe, one finds the horror throughout its pages. The ideas of unexplained revenge and images of scenes only getting darker and colder cause one to have feelings of dread and disbelief. The protagonist, Montresor, has waited fifty years to tell his story, and one has to question the reliability of what he is saying. Questions of true justice and the power of an insult arise, only magnifying those ideas of horror. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado ,† one sees aRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1282 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allen Poe’s short story, the cask of Amontillado, many readers take the words of the characters at face value. This story is designed and presented in a very different manner and most of the people are not ready to accept the facts that are presented in the story. Due to the structure complex structure of the story many other people explain the thoughts of the story in a very critical way. The main purpose of this paper is to see and analyze the critical reviews of how Frederic Jameson would

Stem Cells A Type Of Cell - 1436 Words

Stem cells is a type of cell that can differentiate (alter, transform) and form different tissues in the body. This is a special capacity because the other cells can generally only be part of a specific tissue (for example skin cells can only constitute skin). Another special ability of stem cells is self-replication, which means that they can produce identical copies of themselves. Because of these two abilities, stem cells are the subject of intense research today, it could in future act as replacement cells in injured or diseased tissues, as in cases of Alzheimer, Parkinson and neuromuscular diseases in general, or replace cells that the body stops producing for some deficiency, as in the case of diabetes. Adult stem cells are present in bone marrow, blood, liver, umbilical cord and so on. Scientists still tries to preview what kind of adult cell, a specific stem cell will become. It is known of its replication capability, but it is unknown what their limitations as transplants and for genetic diseases. In other words, it will take longer research efforts and long-term investments until an effective therapy with these cells present results. But when it comes to scientific research, any new fact, any new discovery can completely alter the current situation, and many steps can be overcome in a short time. On the other side, embryonic stem cells, can turn into any human tissue (cell), but researches with those type of cells happens only in countries that allow this type ofShow MoreRelatedThe Types Of Stem Cells1665 Words   |  7 PagesStem cells are a special type of cell that has the potential to differentiate into many different cell types. They work with in the body as an internal repair system. When they are not being used as a repair mechanism, the stem cells have the capability of long-term renewal. Because they are unspecialized cells, stem cells can be induced to become tissue or organ specific, thus giving them unique regenerative abilities that have the potential to treat diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s. Read MoreThe Types Of Stem Cells1448 Words   |  6 PagesStem cells are cells that have the ability to divide indefinitely and can become specialized cells because they are undifferentiated. These cells are found in various tissues and can be grown and kept in culture. They are able to produce identical copies of themselves and are able to develop into cells of different tissues or organs. There are three main types of stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell within the organism; an example of pluripotent cells are embryonicRead MoreStem Cell Type Is Best?1264 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Stem research, which stem cell type is best? Umbilical cord stem cells or embryonic stem cells. General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the advantages and disadvantage of using embryonic and umbilical cord stem cells in research. Central Ideal: While medical researchers believe that the use of embryonic stem cells is their best option in research, others believe it to be unethical and immoral, and that umbilical stem cells are a good alternative to embryonicRead MoreThe Different Types Of Stem Cell Research2084 Words   |  9 Pages Stem Cells: An Evolutionary Step in Medical Research by Summer Billings ENGC 1101 77 Freshman Composition Bradley Brothen 20 November 2014 â€Æ' Outline Thesis: The different types of stem cell research are a necessary medical advancement needed in our communities, regardless of its ethical controversies. I. Stem cell research has been around for almost 200 years, but the research done has only skimmed the possibilities that there is with stem cells. a) The discovery of stem cell researchRead MoreStem Cell Research has the Potential to Alleviate Much Suffering1425 Words   |  6 Pagesthe words of former First Lady Nancy Reagan: â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to alleviate so much suffering. Surely, by working together we can harness its life-giving potential.† Stem cell research shows so much promise to help people by treating diseases and other problems through therapy. While it seems as though the clear answer is that we should study stem cells as soon as possible, this is sadly not the case. Stem cell research is an ongoing controversy within politics and theRead MoreStem Cells Are Good Or Bad?968 Words   |  4 Pages Stem cells are cells that can be changed into other cell types. There are positive and negative aspects to them. They can help and danger people’s lives. Stem cells have many properties and uses. There is a big debate on whether stem cells are good or bad. There are many different opinions but I will write about what I think on this subject. The unique properties of stem cells are that they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for a long time. This means they can multiply as many timesRead MoreThe Debate Of Stem Cell Research1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Stem Cell Debate In 1998, President Bill Clinton issued a National Bioethics Advisory Commission to begin to study the question of stem cell research (Stem Cells Fast Facts). Since then many advances have been made and stem cells have been used to aid in the alleviation of several medical conditions such as macular degeneration, bone marrow deficiencies, and growing new sheets of new skin for burn victims (Hug). Even though there is much stigma surrounding stem cell research, the medicalRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Human Body1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are unspecialized cells of a multicellular organism and it has capability changing into any type cell. When stem cells divides, the new cell has the potential of choosing whether to stay a stem cell or turn into any type of specialized such as: skin cells, neurons, muscle cells and many more. Stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. In the early stage of the development, stem cells have the extraordinary potential to develop into any type of cell in theRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cells are s aving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being a cureRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesSTEM CELLS In this report, I mainly focused on Stem-Cells. You will read about Stem-Cells and its history from the moment this term was known. Also, you will know the Sources, properties, and the types of Stem-Cells. In addition, you will know some of the pros and cons researches about Stem-Cells. Stem-Cells are cells that have the ability to divide and multiply and renew itself. †¢ Sources of Stem-Cells: 1- The first source is Bone Marrow. 2- The second source is

Life Without Television Free Essays

When my family’s only television set went to the repair shop the other day, my parents, my sister, and I thought we would have a terrible week. How could we get though the long evenings in such a quiet house? What would it be like without all the shows to keep us company? We soon realized, though, that living without television for a while was a stroke of good fortune. It became easy for each of us to enjoy some activities alone, to complete some postponed chores, and to spend rewarding time with each other and friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Without Television or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. We read a lot of books such as Obama’s biography, â€Å"Dreams from my father† by Barack Obama, â€Å"Heaven is for real† by Tomas Nelson, and â€Å"Unbroken† by Laura Hillenbrand. Before we lived without television, we watched some dramas instead of novels and we watched cartoons such as family guy instead of cultural books. Through we read books we could have discussions about books that we had read. We each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. We started to go hiking every weekend which was my mother’s hobby. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. When we were doing homework, we need a lot of time to finish it because of Television shows’ sounds. But we realized that we could do homework a lot faster than when we were with television. Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around the house that had needed attention for some time. We painted near the windows and we repaired a doorknob that didn’t work for a long time. We also had a chance to do some long-postponed shopping. Go shopping with family was one of my sister’s wishes. She was so happy and entire family members wear a smile. Our family became more active than we had a television set. And each of us also caught up with e-mail and did paper work that was long overdue. After that, we started to realize that television had killed our time so much. Finally, and probably most important, we spent time with each other. Instead of just being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. I had never thought about what my family members’ worries. Through we were talking each other, we could share our troubles. Moreover, for the first time in years, my family played some games together. We played Monopoly, which was my favorite game, and Texas holdem poker, which was my father’s favorite game. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over on a couple of evenings and spent an enjoyable time with them. We realize that our family is the best friend. Once our television returned, we were not prepared to put it in the attic. But we had a sense of how it can take over our lives if we are not careful. We are now more selective. We turn on the set for our favorite shows, certain sports events, and the news, but we don’t leave it running all evening. As a result, we find we can enjoy television and still have time left over for other activities and interests. How to cite Life Without Television, Essays

The Story Flight

Question: Did Pepe ever become a man in the story Flight written by John Steinbeck? Answer: The story Flight reveals the tale of Pepe who happens to be a happy teenager and is described as an easygoing person who generally remains lazy. His mother Mamma Torres waits for him to grow up and actually become a man. He commits a murder on one instance and as expressed by the narrator, he does become a man (Bloom). This particular murder was committed by him using the knife of his father. Mamma Torres often compares her son Pepe to her hardworking husband who is no more alive. When in the story Pepe wields his fathers knife, it symbolizes his completion of childhood and entrance into manhood. He made use of the knife in the same way as his father but the only difference was that he used the knife with intent to kill a person. In the initial part of the story, Pepes mother was represented as a total caregiver of Pepe who scolds him but at the same time also feeds him. She takes care of Pepe and looks after all his requirements. Steinbeck uses the maternal figure in the story to convey the idea that Pepe actually grew up to become a man. In spite of giving him all the care, when Pepe goes to the city all alone, his mother confers a greater sense of responsibility on him. She gives up her hold on the family and in order to transform her son to a man, she bestows greater responsibilities over him. Pepe on the other hand, uses this opportunity with full enthusiasm and rather than getting through a small journey, he is made to confront death (Steinbeck). Pepes mother had put in a lot of trust over him and ultimately he succeeds in keeping through that trust. He leaves his boyhood behind and makes his journey. Steinbeck has very judiciously used characterization in order to convey the reflective change that took place in Pepe. Pepe, who once happened to be a lazy, euphoric teenager, metamorphoses into an entirely different person. The narrator in the story clearly indicates that He was changed. He further continues to state that There was no laughter in them (eyes) any more or any bashfulness. They were sharp and bright and more purposeful (Steinbeck and Covici). Under the influence of this changed being, Pepe is forced by his instincts to leave his home, his dear siblings, brothers and sisters and most importantly he leaves his mother. He tries hard to keep up the light of manhood that radiates from him. After being left out in the world around him, he has a total absence of security that he used to get in his home. The outside big world extends no shelter to him. This instinct of self realization in the life of Pepe continues till the end of the narration of the story (Steinbeck and WikstroÃÅ'ˆm). It primarily focuses on the survival strategies which Pepe resorts to in his exposure to the outer world after he becomes a man. References Bloom, Harold.John Steinbeck. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. Print. Steinbeck, John, and Karin WikstroÃÅ'ˆm.Flight. [Covelo, Calif. (P.O. Box 156, Covelo, Calif. 95428)]: Yolla Bolly Press, 1984. Print. Steinbeck, John, and Pascal Covici.The Portable Steinbeck. New York: Viking Press, 1971. Print. Steinbeck, John.The Grapes Of Wrath And Other Writings, 1936-1941. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1996. Print.

Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet Essay Example

Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet Essay The Whole 30 diet plan, also called the Whole 9 Life Plan, has been out since 2009, and I decided to review it because one of my friends is currently following it, she claims she has never felt better and has lost weight. The diet plan is classified as a high protein/paleo inspired diet, and there is a do eat and do not eat list. First there are foods that you can eat including: meat, seafood, eggs, vegetables, some fruit, and plenty of fats from fruits, oils, nuts and seeds. The foods you cannot eat include: ugar or any sweeteners, legumes, grains, dairy, carrageen, sulfites, MSG, and potatoes. The idea is to only eat whole, organic foods that are on the approved list. The claim is that the foods that you cut out can be psychologically unhealthy, hormone-unbalancing, gut-disrupting, and inflammatory causing foods. The diet is done over a 30 day period, at the end of the 30 days they encourage you to decide how you want to go forward with eating, it does state you should continue until you feel ready to stop, but they warn it isnt supposed to be the Whole 365 (day) plan. I believe while they have many testimonials singing the praises of this eating plan, it does fit the bill for a fad diet. The first red flag is the complete halt on eating dairy, grains and legumes, and the limitation of fruits and certain high starch vegetables. This way of eating lacks balance, it puts a huge emphasis on a handful of foods, most of which are high in fat. Since there is no limit on portions of what you can eat, calorie control is not considered important on the plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Review of the Whole 30 Diet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When grains and arbohydrates are restricted or eliminated in plans such as the Whole 30, weight loss occurs due to ketosis, which occurs in the body when it is not given adequate levels of carbohydrates. The problem with this is that when ketone bodies occur in the blood it can cause vitamin and mineral deficiencies, loss of bone minerals, cause elevated blood cholesterol, and impaired moods. (Sizer et al; 133-134) Your body is in a starvation mode that causes you to use your fat stores as fuel. This diet could cause a life threatening condition if someone went on it long enough. Whole grains contain fiber which helps promote normal blood cholesterol, and reduced risk of heart disease, promotes healthy body weight, and maintains healthy bowel function. Carbohydrates are needed to fuel red blood cells, and the brain and nervous systems. The problem with carbohydrates really lies with which kind you choose, it is important to pick whole grains over processed and refined ones. The encouraging of eating meat including unlimited consumption of red meat, bacon, pork, poultry and game is another red flag. All these foods contain saturated fat, and eating high uantities of these foods could be disastrous for ones health. This can cause high LDL blood cholesterol levels, heart disease, and other health problems including cancer. The other red flag for a fad diet is that it sounds too good to be true: cut out all these foods for 30 days and you lose weight and cure a list of health problems that run the gamut. It concerns me that on the message boards many parents are putting children on this diet in hopes of curing behavioral problems without consulting with a pediatrician or registered dietician. While the Whole 30 plan does have some good points with cutting out processed foods and additives such as MSG, avocado, but overall it is too extreme to be a wholesome eating plan. The only proper and long lasting, healthy way to lose weight is by overall calorie control, eating a varied whole foods diet, and getting exercise. Sources: Sizer, Frances. Nutrition: concepts controversies. 13th ed. Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. The [emailprotected] Program. Whole9 Let us change your life. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013..

Poor Little Rich Boy essays

Poor Little Rich Boy essays Everyone has heard the saying, from rags to riches. What if you were in a situation where that saying was reversed? Would it change you forever? This is exactly what happened to Alex, the protagonist in the novel The Wild Children by Felicia Holman. This drastically changes Alexs life and he must find different ways to live. He is affected mentally and physically by this, and throughout the novel, Alexs personality changes in many ways. Alex grows up in a very comfortable house, with his parents, little sister, and grandmother. He is used to feeling secure, and safe. His parents have raised him with high standards and morals, and he definitely knows right from wrong. All that changes though, when one day he wakes up, only to find that his family has been taken away by the government. That feeling of security is immediately destroyed, as he tries to comprehend what has happened to him. When his teacher, Katriana Sergyeva gives him a push, he slowly tries to start his life anew. Alex meets Peter in a crowded Moscow marketplace after he tries to find his uncle; it was an event that completely changed his life. Now living with Peter and the Bakers Band, Alex quickly learns that the things he took for granted before could now save his life. He was always a picky eater, He thought of the time-could it be only a few days ago? -when he might have pushed his oatmeal away if it tasted a bit scorched... (pg. 41) Being in the band teaches him to value even the small things in life. Also before he joined Peters band, he was very innocent, intelligent, polite, and educated. Many of the boys in the band can not even read, and that makes him feel a little important. His innocence shows through, in how he reacts to some of the boys actions. When Ivan and Kostia trip an old woman to try and rob her, his first instincts are to help her, but he listens to a different part of him, which tell ...

Medical Technology Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medical Technology Assessment - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that technology assessment is the evaluation of emerging and existing technology trends to substantiate their existence in the world today. It seeks to identify the relevance of these technologies, and the role they play in the economic stability of organisations and the world at large. Furthermore, it is widely believed that scientists are not trained ethics as such whatever innovation they create should be assessed for any ethical concern. Technology assessment is viewed as interdisciplinary and capable of identifying and solving a wide range of technology based problems. An important concern, addressed by technology assessment is the collingridge dilemma. This is the situation where impacts of a new technology cannot be easily predicted unless the technology is fully developed and used. Yet on the other hand, it is absolutely difficult to change or control technology once it is widely used.This report stresses that  the Cleveland clinic is an academic medical centre that has seen a tremendous growth over the years since its inception. It has a designated research laboratory, the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research institute that is characterised by high technological advancements.  A quick look at the operations within and without this medical facility reveals a heavy reliance on technology and information systems.  This is a specialised type of technology assessment that informs management and relevant medical policy makers of the efficacy of medical systems.   The main purpose of health technology assessment is to obtain ground for decision making with regards to application of technology within the healthcare system (Healthcare, 2009). These decisions should be made systematically with adequate and well documented information so as to leave little or no margin for error. Laboratory metal on metal hip resurfacing technology This medical procedure involves the replacement of the surface of the femoral head with an artificially made metal hemisphere that fits into a metal acetabula cup (Healthcare, 2009). This technology initially designed by an orthopaedic surgeon in Birmingham conserves and maintains most parts

Native American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native American - Essay Example The use of stringed instruments such as guitars and fiddles and the application of music synchronization to Indian music were initially introduced by the Europeans. With the migration of the Europeans and their African slaves to western Americas, both the European and African music started to influence Native American music traditions (Prinzing). In the American Indian humanity, music has always portrayed an important role — a medium of communication with the spiritual kingdom, and of inviting mystical force into their daily existence. It has become a fundamental expression of American Indian identity (Fields). â€Å"The importance of American Indian music is found not in its impact on modern scholarship and composition but in the traditions and values it expresses to and for the Indian people. This oral tradition has survived solely because the music was too important to be allowed to die† (1976). Indian songs are an integral component of any activity, and encompass power in and of itself (Fields). There are songs for all events. There are songs for the efficiency of labour, success in hunting and fishing, winning in betting and gambling, making of rain, safety of the home and the family, power to heal, abundant harvests, lullabies, songs of romance, worship songs, corn-grinding songs, social dance songs, game songs, and legend songs (Rhodes 6). Some Indian songs are for teaching roles in society. Lullabies not only put babies in deep slumber, but furthermore aid as guidance and preparation for a life ahead. The songs are intended to facilitate happiness, good health, and the making of a better person and a useful part of humanity. One Indian lullaby says, â€Å"My little son, you will put a sealing spear into your canoe, without knowing what use you may make of it when you are a man† (Densmore 226). Another lullaby for a little girl says, â€Å"This little girl will pick black salmon berries when the women go to get berries†

Mills Sociological Imagination On Individual Problems

Mills Sociological Imagination On Individual Problems Mills (1959) talks of a sociological imagination when looking at the problems of the individual. How might this sociological imagination assist social workers? How might sociological theories offer useful insights into the socially constructed nature of many of the contemporary social problems encountered by social workers? Do this by reference to a contemporary social problem that social workers may have to work with. This paper will explore Mills theory of a sociological imagination when looking at the problems of the individual, and explain how this theory might assist social workers. The focus will then turn to poverty as a contemporary social problem encountered by social workers. Poverty will be explored and discussed by reference to how sociological theories (Marxism, Functionalism and Feminism) offer useful insights into the socially constructed nature of poverty. C. Wright Mills (1916 62) was, according to Cunningham (2008, p7) a flamboyant American sociologist. Slattery (1991, p210) claims his aim was to reform society as much as explain it, to popularise sociology and develop a sociological imagination amongst the American public. Matthewman (2007, p91) explains that a sociological imagination requires a special quality of mind. When we process it we are able to see links between biography and history, to see how the personal relates to the public, and the individual to the structural. Matthewman is supported by Leon-Guerrero (2005, p14). By continuing to develop a sociological imagination and recognising the larger social, cultural and structural forces, we can identify appropriate measures to address social problems. Cunningham (2008) explores this using an example of a person suffering from depression after losing their job. Without recognising factors outside of the personal (such as the current economic or political conditions), the p roblem cannot not be sufficiently understood, addressed or resolved. Consequently failure to develop a sociological imagination could result in judgements or assumptions being made upon the failure of the individual, rather than societal structures. Stepping back to see the bigger picture can avoid granted assumptions, labels or ones personal values coming into play. Finally, Cunningham (2008, pg7) argues that learning to think sociologically is one of the most important skills a social worker can bring to their practice. Poverty is a long standing social problem and one which is prevalent among service users. This is supported by Smale et al. (2000, p18) who claims those who use, and are required to use, social work services continue overwhelmingly to be poor and disadvantaged. Despite this, social workers have been criticised about their knowledge of the effects and origins of poverty and lack of awareness regarding societal structures in relation to poverty. Becker (1997) cited in Cunningham (2008, p47) claims social workers have little understanding of the complex processes that generate and maintain poverty; they have limited insight into how their political and welfare ideologies and attitudes to poverty affect their daily practice with poor people; they have failed to place poverty on the agenda for social work theorising, education, policy and practice. Krumer-Nevo et al. (2009, p225) writing for the Journal of Social Work Education agrees and argues that despite the profound commitment of soc ial work towards people living in poverty, the social work profession has failed to develop practice based on awareness of poverty. To measure poverty, it first it has to be defined. There is no universal agreement regarding how to define poverty, although Cunningham (2008) and Leon-Guerrero (2005) describe two main methods used, Absolute and Relative poverty. Absolute poverty constitutes a lack of basic necessities such as, food, shelter and clothing. It refers to a lack of physical needs and is more like to be found in third world countries. Relative poverty was developed by Peter Townsend. It focuses on the inequalities in society. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p224) states that it is based on the premise that some people fail to achieve the average income and lifestyle enjoyed by the rest of society. Relative poverty is a widely accepted definition in developed countries and is used by the government in the UK. The Poverty Site (2009) confirms that the (UK) governments target of halving child poverty by 2010 is defined in terms of relative poverty. Moulder (2000, p2) confirms that sociologists came to define social pr oblems as problems that concern large numbers of people, have social-structural causes, and require social-structural solutions. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p3) explains first, a problem is a social condition that has negative consequences. If there were only positive consequences, there would be no problem. Poverty has many negative consequences personally and structurally. Poverty is more than a lack of money. According to a report by the Department of Work and Pensions (2009, p2) research about the impact that poverty can have on peoples lives shows that the experience of poverty is almost always overwhelmingly negative, and can have psychological, physical, relational and practical effects on peoples lives. Moreover, poverty is a highly stigmatised social position and the experience of poverty in an affluent society can be particularly isolating and socially damaging. Beresford et al. (1999) concurs with the Department of Work and Pensions findings. Additionally, the media often report on links between poverty and health, educational attainment, teenage pregnancies, anti-social behaviour, mental health and social exclusion. All of which have a negative impact and consequence upon society. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p3) informs that a social problem has objective and subjective realities. A social condition does not have to be personally experienced by every individual in order to be considered a social problem. The objective reality of a social problem comes from acknowledging that a social condition does exist. It must be recognised at an agency (individual) level as having negative consequences for those who experience it. Poverty is apparent at an agency level in society: local clothing banks, annual Children In Need appeal; deprived areas we may have seen or live near, Big Issue sellers, seeing the homeless or beggars on the street, and in the media (reality documentaries such as The Secret Millionaire). Leon-Guerrero (2005, p6) addresses the subjective reality. The subjective reality of a social problem addresses how a problem becomes defined as a problem. It is defined by powerful groups in society (politicians, religious leaders, pressure groups, the media or even gr assroots). As noted earlier, the UK government has defined poverty as a social problem. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p6) states, they become real only when they are subjectively defined or perceived as problematic. Recognising the subjective aspects of social problems allows us to understand how a social condition may be defined as a problem by one segment of society, but be completely ignored by another. Cunningham (2008, p33) explains that in the 1980s and 1990s Conservative ministers used absolute definitions to refute claims that Britain had a significant poverty problem and that their policies had led to increased levels of poverty. The problem was defined away. This paper will now explore functionalism, Marxism, radical and liberal feminism. Functionalism was developed by Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) and further developed by Talcott Parsons. Functionalism views society on a macro scale. Slattery (1991, p63) uses a biological metaphor to explain Functionalism. It functions like any other natural organism as a system of independent parts the economy, the family, the government and so on held together by not a central nervous system but a central value system, a set of sociological guidelines called norms based on underlying moral consensus, or collective consciousness. Matthewman (2007) asserts functionalists view society as a complex system, involving a vast array of political, economic and social roles, all of which play an essential part in ensuring society functions and continues to develop. Consensus is at the heart of this theory. It assumes individuals are socialised to fit in, taught the norms of society, primarily by the family unit, secondly by educational institutions, peers, the workplace, and wider society. Le on-Guerrero (2005) claims social problems are not considered in terms of how severe they are, but how the problem arises from society, and whether it serves a function. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p228) argues that poverty is seen as a natural consequence of system stratification. This refers to rapid changes that took place in society economically and technologically. It created a workforce that was unskilled for the new economy. Functionalists believe inequalities within the workforce are inevitable. Social status, wealth and power is earned, rewarded and deserved, through skill and hard work. Davis and Moore (1945) cited in Best (2005, p29) support this, stating social inequality is thus an unconsciously evolved device by which by which societies ensure that the most important positions are conscientiously filled by the most qualified persons. A well-known writer from the political right perspective H. J. Gans (1971, p1-5) explores how poverty may exist to serve positive functions for society. Some of these include: the poor perform work others do not wish to do; they provide employment for the professionals that service them; activities such as drugs, pawn shops and prostitution continue to prosper; they serve as scapegoats (the honest and hard working can accuse them of being dishonest, lazy and scroungers); also poverty acts as a measuring tool in terms of status for the non-poor. However, Gans suggests that many of the functions served by the poor could be replaced if poverty were eliminated, but almost always at a higher cost to others, particularly more affluent others. He believes that a functional analysis must conclude that poverty persists not only because it fulfils a number of positive functions but also because many of the functional alternatives to poverty would be quite dysfunctional for affluent members. Ga ns believes poverty will be eliminated only when it becomes dysfunctional for the affluent or powerful, or when the powerless can obtain enough power to change society. Interestingly, Gans states his aim with this paper was, to show functionalism is not an inherently conservative approach, but that it can be employed into liberal and even radical analyses. The social construction of poverty from a functionalist perspective is seen as natural and beneficial for the affluent and society, or at least parts of it. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p228) supports this assertion. Functionalists observe that poverty is a product of our social structure. Functionalists do not inherently agree with poverty, they acknowledge it has functions as well dysfunctions but recognise that it has a role to play in the structure of society. They strongly believe power and wealth is earned through skill and hard work, not everyone has the talent to succeed, therefore, inequality and poverty is inevitable. The poor are seen as flawed, marked out from the rest of society, deviant and non-conforming. The current recession in the UK which has forced many more into poverty would, from a functionalist perspective, be viewed as a natural temporary occurrence. The role of a functionalist social worker would be to support individuals to get back into their role ensuring the smo oth running of society. Karl Heinrich Marx (1818-93) was one of the key influences in sociology according to Slattery (1991). Marxism is a conflict theory, which like functionalism, views society on a macro scale. However, they argue that poverty is the consequence of a capitalist society; it is constructed due to an unequal distribution of power and wealth. The main thread of the Marxist argument is that conflict exists between the classes: the bourgeoisie (who own the capital) and the proletariat (who provide the labour). Giddens (2006, p16) explains capital is any asset, including money, machines or even factories, which can be used or invested to make future assets. Giddens (2006, p16) asserts the bourgeoisie own their means of a livelihood, whereas the proletariat are wage-labour. The proletariat must seek employment from the bourgeoisie, who form a ruling class over the mass proletariat population. Payne (2005, p228) claims capitalism is an economic system in which a few people accumulate capital to i nvest in producing goods and others sell labour to them for wages. The profit earned by the bourgeoisie is seen as exploitation of the proletariat. Moreover, the bourgeoisie create a false consciousness controlling the media, policies, laws, religion and education, influencing and shaping the proletariats norms and values, idealising how society thinks. This false consciousness leads the proletariat to believe economic inequality is fair and just. This is supported by Best (2005) and Taylor et al. (2002). The most crucial point is the relationship between the two classes. Giddens (2006) explains that although each class is dependant on the other this dependency is not balanced. Giddens (2006, p16) explains the relationship between classes is an exploitative one, since workers have little or no control over their labour and employers are able to generate profit by appropriating the product of workers labour. Hilary Searing (2007) writes from a radical social work perspective. In an article Poverty in the Big Issue written for the Barefoot Social Worker website, Searing claims poverty is structurally constructed and the consequence of a modern capitalist society. Poverty and inequality seem to be an intrinsic part of modern capitalism. She criticises the government suggesting that poverty has been ignored in order to achieve economic prosperity. This Labour government, by continuing the neoliberal, modernising agenda of the previous government, regards poverty and inequality as the inevitable price to be paid to maintain competitiveness in the global economy. Like Marxists, Searing believes social class is a major factor. The social class a child is born into is a major determinant of their life chances. Searing believes social workers patch the cracks regarding poverty, rather than tackling the real structural cause. The government assumes that social workers can deal with poverty withou t tackling the underlying causes. Searing believes Labour demean social-structural causes, consequently placing the onus of poverty upon the individual. She states the government chooses to minimise the part played by social and economic factors, outside the control of the individual, in causing poverty and implies that in most cases personal inadequacy is at the root of peoples failure to remain independent and self-supporting. In summary, Marxists believe poverty is constructed by social structures; society fails the poor and the abolition of capitalism in favour of communism is the solution. According to Giddens (2006) Marxists believe revolution among the proletariat to overthrow the bourgeoisie is inevitable, and that it will bring about a new classless society. Giddens (2006, p17) explains Marxists do not consider inequality would be eliminated. Rather, that society would no longer be split into a small class that monopolises economic and political power and the large mass of people who benefit little from the wealth their work creates. Marxists would argue that the current recession was caused by greed and unethical risk taking amongst the bourgeoisie, and the proletariats will be left to bear the real costs. Cunningham (2008) argues that Marxists see social workers as agents of social control on behalf of the state, acting in the interests of the bourgeoisie. Their motive for helping people is to get them back into the work force. They believe that much of social work is around control, surveillance and assigning blame upon individuals. Payne (2005, p231) echoes Cunningham suggesting social workers are seen agents of class control enhancing the oppression by capitalist societies of the working class. They simply enable the capitalist system to reproduce itself in the next generation by helping people to cope with the difficulties of the system. Poverty is of particular relevance to feminist theories since Taylor (2002, p179) claims women are more likely to experience poverty than men. In an article for the BBC News website (2008) entitled Womens Low Pay Behind Poverty, womens pay was seen to be a major cause. The TUC said that mothers were being trapped in part-time, low-paid jobs. More than 75% of part-time workers were female. The gender pay gap for full-time workers was 17.2%. In the same article, TUC general secretary Brendan Barber asserts as 40% of households are now headed by single mothers, this has concerning implications for tackling child poverty. Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p145) claim household incomes are not distributed equally. Women tend to have smaller independent incomes than men and there is no guarantee that they will share fully the income of their husbands or partners. Additionally, women are less likely to have occupational pensions and income from investments; married women are less likely to work than married men; more women than men rely on benefits as their main source of income; lone parents are vulnerable to poverty, and a large majority are women. The majority of pensioners are also women. Glendinning and Miller cited in Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p145) claim women are more likely to live in poverty than men because they are viewed as secondary workers, their primary role is seen as domestic and they are less important than that of their husbands so they are not expected to earn a family wage. Moreover, women are disadvantaged in access to social security benefits. Only 60 per cent of women are entitled to maternity leave and many women care for sick and elderly relatives, yet they receive very small state allowances for doing so. This intermittent and often part-time employment of women leaves many illegible for unemployment benefit and redundancy pay. Moreover, within the household men command more of the family resources (of money, of food, of space and so on) an d this is legitimised by their status as breadwinners. Hill writing for The Observer (2009) suggests women suffer financially after divorce, while men become richer. She argues his available income increases by around one third. Women, in contrast, suffer severe financial penalties. Regardless of whether she has children, the average womans income falls by more than a fifth and remains low for many years. There are varying perspectives of feminism, the main three being liberal, radical and Marxist. According to Trevithick (2005) while there are differing perspectives they generally agree on certain principles. The main aim is gender equality; however, they differ on the cause and solution to this problem. Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p592) state most radical feminists broadly share the same aim as Marxists and liberal feminists they seek equality between the sexes rather than dominance. Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p592) state radical feminists see society as patriarchal it is dominated and ruled by men. According to Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p602) Kate Millet was one of the first radical feminists to use the term. Giddens (2006, p471) argues from this perspective men are responsible for and benefit from the exploitation of women and that patriarchy is viewed as a universal phenomenon that has existed across time and cultures. Leon-Guerrero (2005, p230) claims feminist scholars argue the welfare state is an arena of political struggle. The drive to maintain male dominance and the patriarchal family is assumed to be the principal force of shaping the formation, implementation, and outcomes of the U.S. welfare policy. In the UK, the preservation of marriage and the nuclear family is on the political agenda. Gentlemen (2009) writing for The Guardian claims the Conservatives say marriage is key to addressing social breakdown. They also propose rewarding married co uples. Bingham (2009) in the Daily Telegraph alleges the Tories are proposing tax breaks for married couples which would allow women who stay at home to pass on their allowance to their husband. Abramovitz (1996) cited in Leon-Guerrero (2005, p230) claims that welfare has historically served to distinguish between the deserving poor (widows with children) and the undeserving poor (single and divorced mothers). For instance, Margaret Thatcher condemned single mothers in the 1980s. According to the Workers Liberty website (2007) she once infamously proposed cutting all benefits to single mothers, stating that they should live in Salvation Army hostels or give up their children for adoption if their own families wouldnt support them. Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p592) allege the family is often seen by radical feminists as the key institution producing womens oppression in modern societies. Giddens (2006, p471) supports this stating radical feminists often concentrate on the family as one of the primary sources of womens oppression in society. They argue that men exploit women by relying on the free domestic labour that women provide in the home. As a group, men also deny women access to positions of power and influence in society. Firestone (1970), a radical feminist cited in Cunningham (2008, p96) claims womens inferiority is linked to their biological sex. Haralambos and Holborn (1995, p471) explore this further suggesting men control womens role in reproduction and child-rearing. Because women are biologically able to give birth to children, they become dependant materially on men for protection and livelihood. Most importantly this biological inequality is socially organised within the nuclear family. Giddens (2006) argues that not all radical feminists agree with Firestone, but rather believe that it originates from culture and socialisation. Haralambos and Holborn (1995, 592) argue that radical feminists believe that gender equality can only be attained by overthrowing the patriarchal order. Giddens (2006, p592) asserts that many radical feminists reject the assistance of males in reaching their aim, because men are seen as the enemies of womens liberation. In contrast, Liberal feminists according to Cunningham (2008) agree that equality should be more equal between men and women. However, unlike radical feminists they do not believe that patriarchy is the cause of womens oppression. Giddens (2006, p468) claims that liberal feminists look for explanations of gender inequalities in social and cultural attitudes. Cunningham (2008, p97) agrees with Giddens but probes deeper stating the roots of womens oppression lie with the irrational prejudice, stereotyping and outdated attitudes and practices that lead to sex discrimination occurring in all spheres of life. Like radical feminists they believe the family is oppressive to women. Women are expected to play the social role of wife and mother along with carrying sole responsibility for the household chores that go with it. Cunningham (2008, p97) believes it is an ideology that is perpetuated by the media and popular culture. A womens role is laid out before her, she is not free to find their own fulfilment. Life opportunities are not equal to that of mens. Dunne, Kurki and Smith (2009) assert that economic insecurity is believed to exist due to gender inequality. Women are disproportionately located at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale in all societies. Womens disproportionate poverty cannot be explained by market conditions alone; gendered role expectations about the economic worth of womens work and the kinds of tasks that women are expected to do contribute to their economic insecurity. In terms of addressing equality Giddens (2006, p470) claims liberal feminists tend to focus their energies on establishing and protecting equal opportunities for women through legislation and other democratic means. Haralambos and Holborn (1995) explain how liberal feminists supported the Sex Discrimination and Equal Pay Act, hoping these would help to end discrimination. They believe gradual change can be brought about within the existing social structure. Cunningham (2008, p98) states they would also support further female representation and involvement in politics by the introduction of women-only shortlists. Liberal feminists are modest in how they aim to bring about change, through anti-discriminatory legislation rather than overthrowing the system like radical feminists. Finally, Cunningham (2008, p99) points out that liberal feminists believe nobody benefits from gender discrimination. Women lose out on the ability to develop their talents, business loses out because it fails to harness the potential and ability of 50% of the population, and men lose out because they are denied the opportunity to develop close ties with their children. This paper has sought to explore how Mills theory of a sociological imagination may assist social workers when considering the problem of an individual, and how three grand sociological theories can offer useful insights into the socially constructed nature of poverty. To conclude, this paper shall consider the use of those theories upon social work practice. Cree (2000, p7) asserts sociology offers social work the opportunity to explore meanings beneath taken-for-granted assumptions about behaviour, action and social structure. It offers a knowledge and value base which is not rooted in individual pathology but instead seeks to understand individuals in the context of the broader structures that make up their lives (including social class, gender, age, race, and ethnicity) and the historical movement within which they are living. Sociology provides competing theories that offer differing perspectives to explain the emergence, existence and persistence of poverty. Moreover, they can raise awareness of oppression and disadvantage that may be constructed in social structures. Cree (2000, p208) confirms that inequality and oppression exist at both individual and structural levels. Dominelli (2002) argues that practitioners who follow emancipatory approaches seek to achieve anti-oppressive practice by focusing on the specifics of a situation in a holistic manner and mediating between its personal and structural components. To obtain this impact, social workers and their clients develop clear goals to pursue and use networking and negotiation techniques to secure change. Change usually occurs at the micro-level where interpersonal relationships are the target of the intervention(s). Such an approach could be, as suggested by Cunningham (2008, p48) task-centred. This approach offers a very practical model which is potentially very empowering. The service user decides which areas they should like to work on. Practice is based on the premise that the service user will work in partnership with the social worker and learn new methods that will equip them in the future. In this sense, workers could adopt a very practical way to address some aspects of poverty. However , Cunningham warns perhaps this still doesnt go far enough, as this method of practice is based upon an individual approach and doesnt address the bigger picture. Possibly combining task-centred working with other more radical methods of working might address this. Dominelli (2002, p86) agrees with Thompson, and suggests if poverty is causing personal hardship, institutional (meso-level) and/or societal (macro-level) changes may be required alongside endeavours aimed at helping the individual to control its deleterious effect on his or her life. Feminist and Radical methods of practice both focus on the bigger picture. According to Drakeford (2008, p310) radical social work, essentially Marxist in persuasion, suggested that alliances could be formed between clients in social welfare which would allow for vested interests to be challenged and authority to be redistributed from the powerful to the powerless. Trevithick (2005, p284) states that this approach emphasises the importance o f social, economic and political solutions to social problems, thereby shifting the onus of blame from the individual without denying responsibility. This involves social workers challenging the social structures that oppress and discriminate. Trevithick (2005, p285) claims that practitioners who work from a radical/progressive/activist perspective are passionately committed to the issue of social justice and to working alongside people from disadvantaged groups in order to initiate change. Feminist social work, according to Dominelli and MacLeod (1989, p1) is informed by a feminist analysis of social problems. Dominelli and MacLeod (1989, p.23) assert the feminist approach has focussed on identifying the specific ways in which women experience their existence; drawing peoples attention to the lack of resources, power and emotional fulfilment which hold women down; exposing the social relations and social forces responsible for creating their state of affairs; and placing the plight of women firmly on the agenda for social change. Dominelli (2008, p113) suggests feminist social work practice is also relevant to children and men. This is echoed by Cree (2000). A limitation, according to Trevithick (2005, p282) is that most women experience additional oppressions, such as discrimination in relation to class, race, age, disabilities, sexual orientation, culture and religious beliefs. And that these additional oppressions are not always given sufficient weight. Cree (2000, p209) informs that sociology may not be able to provide social work practitioners with answers, but the questions themselves lead to the potential development of sensitive, anti-oppressive practice. This is because all theories, ideas and practices are based on a particular set of political and moral principles. We therefore have to make choices about what theories we believe are most useful, and what actions we think are most helpful (or perhaps least damaging) for those with whom we are working. Social work is fundamentally about values and about value-judgements. Sociological knowledge can provide us with a framework for anti-discriminatory, anti-oppressive practice, by giving us the analytical tools with which to begin to explore the relationship between individuals and society. Mills (1959, p8) personal troubles and public issues. Cree (2000, p5) argues sociology and social work construct the individual. It is also for this reason that social workers need a sociologi cal imagination. Additionally, social works central purpose is to work on behalf of society to help those individuals and groups who are vulnerable and marginalised. If a service users problem exists due to structural of inequalities in society, and a social worker fails to make such a connection, they risk blaming the individual/group, perpetuating the oppression and discrimination already felt by social structures. Consequently, social workers need to have an awareness of the discrimination and oppression some people or groups face in society and be guarded not to perpetuate assumptions, labels or blame. Thompson (2005, p137) claims oppressive practice can happen through naÃÆ' ¯vetà © or ignorance: failing to recognise significant issues of inequality and thus exacerbating them by not addressing them. And by reinforcing stereotypes: jumping to conclusions about a particular individual without actually assessing their circumstances. Therefore, by developing and using our sociol ogical imagination and by being aware and open to theoretical perspectives and approaches to practice, we can take necessary steps to guard against anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice.

Iron Curtain

Q. 1: what did Churchill mean in May 1945 by the term â€Å"Iron Curtain†? A. 1: When Churchill stated â€Å"An Iron Curtain is being drawn upon their front. † He means that during 1945 when the war was over, he was talking about an imaginary line drawn between communism in the East and the democratic governments in the West. This was to prevent more fighting over the systems; Churchill knew that the Soviet Union were dangerous. Churchill wanted the allies to get to Berlin and take it before the Russians would.He claims in his speech â€Å"Nobody knows what Soviet Russia intends to do in the immediate future. † This shows he knew they were a threat he just didn’t know when they were going to pounce. By making this â€Å"Iron Curtain† it would provide safety. Q. 2: what happened to the Iron Curtain countries of East Europe? A. 2: The Iron curtain countries included: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugosla via.The actions taken in these countries were: in Bulgaria the communists executed leaders of other parties. In Czechoslovakia the USSR purged civil service, Security Police moved in. East Germany: industrial machinery and resources were moved to the USSR. The scientists and technicians moved to USSR. More actions were taken in other countries, the whole strategy of different countries had changed, this speech was inspirational and made countries feel like they could be independent instead of relying on others.Q. 3: Explain Stalin’s reply to Churchill’s â€Å"Iron Curtain Speech† A. 3: Stalin’s reply to Churchill’s speech was weird, Stalin didn’t really state the truth and made up figures to make people feel sorry for him, how USSR had been hit harder than any other country. This was the reason why Churchill was suspicious of Stalin because he wasn’t being truthful; he had become more independent more powerful so his response to the s peech mad Churchill even more suspicious. By Massimo Furness

Wal-Mart (Bus 644)

Wal-Mart BUS 644 Operations Management November 6, 2011 Introduction Wal-Mart is the largest corporation in the world, and it has obviously enjoyed tremendous success. But while many welcome its location in their communities, others do not. Some complain that its presence has too many negative effects on a community, ranging from traffic congestion to anti-union sentiment to unfair competition. â€Å"According to a recent study from Dartmouth's Tuck School of Business, the entry of a Wal-Mart does significantly impact sales at other local establishments (McDevitt, 2009). In regards to Wal-Mart impacting small businesses and town residents, it varies. There are both pros and cons of having Wal-Mart in local communities despite biases or beliefs of critics. Owners of small businesses located nearby. After observing the effects of seven Wal-Mart openings, researchers saw a 40 percent sales drop at nearby mass merchandise chains and 17 percent sales drop at supermarkets† (McDevitt, 2009, P. 1). Those small businesses within the same area of Wal-Mart often lose out on a lot of money or go out of business due to Wal-Mart’s everyday low prices and convenient shopping. With gas prices being at $4 a gallon, people wonder if customers will stay closer to home to shop, causing Wal-Mart to lose out on customers (Barett, 2008). There are those that think Wal-Mart is bad for local small business owners and those that oppose this viewpoint. Andrea Dean of West Virginia University argues that Wal-Mart has not had a negative effect on small businesses as critics think. Instead, the company has unleashed forces that have changed the nature of small businesses in this country in unexpected ways (Bandyk, 2008, P. ). Town residents and residents of nearby towns Town residents may have concerns ranging from an increase in noise pollution to a decrease in property values and those residents in favor of having Wal-Mart in local communities argue that Wal-Mart could be beneficial to residents; bringing in new jobs and tax revenue. Many Seekonk residents are not pleased about the soon to be Wal-Mart supercenter that is to be built at 150,000 square feet and located on 2 acres. â€Å"Another concern is the possible increase in crime in the area. Mello says that police officers have come to her house in the past to search the property for alleged shoplifters that fled through the woods from one of the retail stores† (Calverley,2011 P. 1). Another Seekonk resident is concerned that the pollution and dust will affect her husband’s health that is suffering from a respiratory illness and requires oxygen 24 hours a day (Calverley, 2011). Decrease in property value is likely to occur with there being a decrease of 10 to 18 percent in property value. Wal-Mart handling criticism I think that despite the criticisms Wal-Mart face, their success speaks for itself and customers always come back. Businesses worldwide will always face criticism, its how these businesses decide to follow up on these criticisms that truly matters. Wal-Mart needs to be careful when deciding where to station Wal-Mart centers; making certain that people in the local community are affected a minimal amount. People will ultimately be affected by location no matter where; however, the level in which they are affected should be strategically thought up so that few people are affected. So, instead of remaining silent on the sidelines as critics and watchdogs continue to tear it down, Wal-Mart is recruiting its own positive watchdogs as a combative measure (White, 2008, P. 1). It’s important for customers to feel valued and the network that Wal-Mart has collectively created will help to achieve this. Conclusion While there are downfalls of Wal-Mart supercenters being placed in local communities, there is without a doubt positives and Wal-Mart seems to be taking measures to reach out customers, for example, the efforts to establish the Customer Action Network, they are giving their customers a voice in hopes of helping them feel valued. There are several problem areas to be worked out on the behalf of Wal-Mart, however, with Wal-Mart being the largest Corporation in the world, critics will always pay careful and have negative feedback. References Barett, A. (2008)Does Wal-Mart Really Hurt Small Businesses? Retrieved on November 6, 2011 from http://www. businessweek. com/smallbiz/running_small_business/ Calverley, L. (2011). Residents Concerned about Proposed Wal-Mart Supercenter. Retrieved on November 6, 2011 from http://reportertoday. com/seekonk/seekonk/stories/Residents-Concerned-About-Proposed-Walmart-Supercenter Bandyk, M. (2008). Should Small Businesses Fear Wal-Mart? Retrieved on November 6, 2011 from http://money. snews. com/money/business-economy/small-business/articles/2008/08/01/should-small-businesses-fear-wal-mart McDevitt, C. (2009). Is Wal-Mart Killing your Business? Retrieved on November 6, 2011 from http://www. inc. com/news/articles/2009/04/walmart. html White, B. (2008). Wal-Mart Fights back Against Opponents. Retrieved on November 6, 2011 from http://www. bloggingstocks. com/2008/11/24/wal-mart-weekly-wal-mart-fights-back-against-opponents/

Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad is dramatic...

Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad is dramatic tale of an arduous trek into the darkest part of Africa at the turn of the twentieth century. The story follows the protagonist Marlow, an English marine merchant, as he travels through the African jungle up the Congo river in search for a mysterious man named Kurtz. Through Marlows narration, Conrad provides a searing indictment of European colonial exploitation inflicted upon African natives. Through his use of irony, characters, and symbolism in the novel, Conrad aims to unveil the underlying horrors of colonialism. By shedding light on the brutality of colonialism in Heart of Darkness, Conrad shows that European values have been irrevocably eclipsed by darkness. The true†¦show more content†¦Another great irony in the novel is the attitude Marlow ultimately adopts towards Kurtz. Marlows beginning impressions from the various reports he has heard about Kurtz are very adverse. Yet, after the events have taken pla ce, Marlow becomes an admirer of Kurtz harboring strong feelings of respect and friendship. The reader would expect Marlow to continue to react to Kurtz in the same adverse manner as the start of the novel, but the opposite occurs. Marlow becomes so attached to Kurtz that he uses all his powers of persuasion to bring Kurtz back to the ship. Marlow then tells the reader that he could â€Å"not betray Mr. Kurtz—it was ordered I should never betray him—it was written I should be loyal to the nightmare of my choice† (94). Thus Marlow has now become almost a follower of Kurtz knowing the full extent of the evil that prevails in Kurtz. Evidently, Marlows own primitive instinct have come to the surface resulting in a bond between Kurtz and himself. So another civilized European man who is an embodiment of reason and sanity has fallen victim to the influences of savagery. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad only gives a few characters name in the novella illustrating the dehumanization of mankind in the Congo. With the exception of Marlow and Kurtz, all the European characters posses titles reflecting their careers as their given names; this defines their entire personality and existence to their chosen occupation. This is a reflection on the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Heart And Heart1569 Words   |  7 PagesFundamentally, the heart works as a pump for blood to the various parts of the human body. It is made up of four chambers with two sections, upper and lower, on each side. The heart’s right side pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated then the blood returns to the heart’s left side for pumping into the body’s circulatory system that consists of blood vessels that transport the blood through all body organs. Heart failure does not necessarily translate to the complete non-performance of the heart. 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